Bye Bye Bandung dan UN

Pukul 05.30. Saya sudah di lobi hotel. Menyerahkan kunci kamar, meminta resepsionis untuk memesankan taksi atau mobil hotel. Udara dingin menusuk tapi cuaca nampaknya cukup cerah. Tidak ada gerimis, tidak ada genangan atau kilau air di halaman hotel.

Dengan mobil hotel, saya diantar menuju Bandara Husein Sastranegara. Menyibak pagi yang masih penuh dengan gemerlap lampu-lampu kota. Mencuri waktu sebelum jalanan dipenuhi oleh kemacetan. Meski pesawat Air Asia yang akan membawa saya ke Surabaya dijadwalkan terbang pada 08.15, saya memilih lebih baik secepatnya saja berada  di bandara. Di Bandung ini, meski tidak separah Jakarta, jalan dari Hotel Horison menuju bandara rawan kemacetan. Saya sudah pernah nyaris ketinggalan pesawat di Bandung, dan saya tidak ingin mengulanginya lagi.

Tiba di bandara sebelum pukul 06.00. Luar biasa. Hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar dua puluh menit. Ya, karena jalan masih sangat lengang, Padahal, kalau pada jam-jam padat, perjalanan bisa ditempuh hampir satu jam, bahkan lebih.  

Saya memasuki konter Air Asia. Mencetak tiket. Tiket ini akan diperlukan untuk SPJ, jadi memang harus saya cetak. 

Selesai, saya masuk ke ruang check in. Tidak seperti kalau kita naik Garuda atau pesawat lain, naik Air Asia musti check in dulu secara swalayan di  mesin check in yang mirip ATM itu. Bayar boarding pass, dan masuk ke ruang tunggu. Duduk manis sambil memainkan keypad BB.

Tiba-tiba sebuah SMS masuk ke ponsel saya.
"assalamualaikum wr. wb. mohon maaf, kalau kondisi sekolahan dsini, UNASnya tidak dibantu kerja oleh guru, kemungkinan besar tidak lulus semua. tapi hati kecil saya berkata, berarti mengajari ketidakjujuran kepada siswa. lalu apakah saya harus membantu anak2 d daerah 3T ini, atau membiarkan mereka tidak lulus? terima kasih sebelumnya"

Saya tersenyum kecut. Pertanyaan semacam ini, sudah belasan bahkan puluhan kali saya terima dari para peserta SM-3T. Mereka galau kalau sudah berhadapan dengan UN. Terjebak di antara idealisme dan keadaan yang tidak berpihak. Tapi bagi anak-anak muda yang berprinsip, idealisme adalah idealisme. Segencar apa pun gempuran yang menyerang idealisme mereka, mereka tetap setegar batu karang. Bahakan semakin tak tergoyahkan. 

Hal ini sudah terbukti beberapa kali. Mereka bersikeras tidak mau melakukan kecurangan saat UN. Meski harus dimusuhi guru-guru dan kepala sekolah, mereka tetap teguh menarik diri dari lingkaran konspirasi mensukseskan UN. 

"Bertanyalah pada hati nurani....
Ini bukan pertanyaan yang mudah dijawab.
Sekali lagi, bertanyalah pada hati nurani, dan kamu akan menemukan jawabannya.
Btw, ini siapakah?" Saya membalas SMS itu.

"Ini Tia, ibu..."

"Baik, Tia. Semoga kamu bisa memilih yang terbaik ya. Sekali lagi, ikuti hati nuranimu ya. Oke? Jaga diri baik-baik, Tia..."

Sejujurnya, saya agak lupa ini Tia yang mana. Keberadaan ratusan peserta SM-3T membuat saya lebih sering hafal wajah dan kurang hafal nama. Tia bertugas di mana, saya juga tidak tahu. Yang jelas bukan di Papua, karena hampir semua peserta yang bertugas di Papua saya hafal namanya, dan mereka semua adalah laki-laki. Tia, sepertinya nama perempuan. Mungkin dia bertugas di Sumba Timur, Aceh Singkil, Maluku Barat Daya, atau di Talaud. 

Saya kembali pada keypad BB saya. Air Asia sudah tiba dan mungkin tak berapa lama lagi penumpang akan disilakan masuk ke pesawat. Tidak seperti pengumuman untuk penumpang di pesawat yang lain, Air Asia mengumumkannya seperti ini: "para penumpang Indonesia, dimohon masuk ke ruang tunggu". Begitu masuk ke ruang tunggu, dua orang petugas yang cantik-cantik sudah menyambut: "Air Asia Surabaya....Air Asia Surabaya?" Lantas mereka mengecek boarding pass, memastikan setiap calon penumpang sudah stand by. Tertib banget. Kalau di pesawat lain umumnya check in ditutup 30 menit sebelum keberangkatan, Air Asia menentukan 45 menit sebelumnya.  

Tepat pukul 08.15, akhirnya terdengar informasi yang kami tunggu-tunggu itu. "Penumpang Indonesia, dimohon masuk pesawat". Maka kami para penumpang pun masuk ke pesawat dengan tertib. 

Dan terbanglah Air Asia meninggalkan Bandung, menembus mega-mega, mengarungi angkasa....

Surabaya, 22 Januari 2013

Wassalam,
LN

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Serabi Oncom dan Kembang Tahu

Sore ini lumayan melelahkan. Dari pagi berkutat dengan draf petunjuk teknis dan permendikbud tentang pemberian insentif bagi guru/peserta SM-3T. Kami nyaris tak beristirahat kecuali hanya untuk makan siang dan salat. Itu pun tak lebih dari 45 menit. Seperti sudah jadi kesepakatan, kami maunya kerja cepat. Lupakan istirahat siang. Kerja, kerja dan kerja.

Pukul 16.00, akhirnya draf selesai. Tapi ini waktu yang serba tanggung. Mau langsung balik ke Surabaya, sudah tidak ada pesawat. Pesawat terakhir dari Bandung ke Surabaya  sekitar pukul 16.00. Mau jalan-jalan ke Pasar Baru, sekedar cuci mata karena tidak ada keinginan membeli apa-apa, pukul 17.00 Pasar Baru juga sudah tutup. Maka pilihannya adalah masuk kamar, istirahat. Pulang besok pagi saja. Terpikir juga mau naik kereta malam, tapi membayangkan kedinginan semalaman di kereta api, badan saya sudah sakit semua.

Saya pun leyeh-leyeh di kamar. Menyalakan TV, melihat update banjir Jakarta, Subang, Pekalongan, Bogor dan Pati. Juga banjir bandang Menado dan korban letusan Gunung Sinabung. Berita wapres Budiono yang meninjau Menado dan rencana SBY yang akan menengok Sinabung. Miris hati saya melihat para kurban, salah satunya seorang nenek 70 tahun yang nyaris pingsan saat dievakuasi. Juga bayi-bayi dan balita di Kampung Pulo, Jakarta Timur, yang rumahnya terendam air sekitar enam meter.  Petamburan dan Kampung Muara yang juga tergenang air. Hujan seharian ini, meski tidak terlalu lebat, telah membuat air kembali naik di banyak tempat. Para pengungsi di kawasan Petamburan yang kondisinya jauh dari layak. Hanya tidur beralas karpet dan tikar, tanpa kasur, bantal dan selimut. Meski ada posko dan dapur umum, juga bantuan dari masyarakat berupa makanan dan pakaian, namun kondisi mereka masih sangat memprihatinkan. Mereka sudah berada di tempat pengungsian itu sekitar 4-5 hari. 

Di tengah ketermanguan saya menyaksikan semua kemalangan itu, tiba-tiba ponsel saya berdering. Bu Yoyoh, seorang teman dosen jurusan PKK UPI, menyapa. Menyampaikan progress penulisan buku. Oya, saat ini saya bersama dua orang teman dosen dari UNY dan UPI sedang menulis buku bersama. Judulnya adalah Ilmu Kesejahteraan Keluarga (IKK). Buku ini nanti akan digunakan sebagai buku referensi untuk mata kuliah IKK, setidaknya di tiga universitas, Unesa, UPI dan UNY. 

Baru beberapa menit selesai mengobrol dengan bu Yoyoh, bu Ana menelepon. Bu Ana juga dosen PKK UPI. Waktu mengambil S3 di UNY, saya salah satu promotornya. Dia menyapa dan bertanya: "Ibu pingin makan apa?"
"Apa ya?"
"Kalau bakso, jam segini udah tutup, bu".
Kami mempunyai langganan bakso, kami namakan 'bakso keterlaluan', karena porsinya yang besar. Setiap kali ke Bandung, saya dan bu Ana, juga pak Dadang, teman dosen UPI juga, selalu menyempatkan makan bakso di gang Sa'ad, gang yang berada di dekat Gedung Asia Afrika itu. Bakso dan mienya enak sekali, juga es campurnya. Tapi ya itu...porsinya gede banget, maka kami menjulukinya 'bakso keterlaluan'.

"Pingin makan apa ya?" Saya balik bertanya. " Nggak usahlah, bu Ana, kan di hotel juga disediakan".
"Makan di luar aja, bu, ntar habis maghrib saya jemput ya?"
"Baik deh." Tiba-tiba saya ingat sesuatu. "Oya, bu Ana, saya pingin makan serabi oncom".
"Hah?" Bu Ana tertawa berderai. "Ibu kayak orang ngidam saja...."

Akhirnya malam ini, saya dan bu Ana, beserta seorang anak perempuannya yang masih TK, pengasuh anaknya dan supirnya, nongkrong di sebuah tempat makan di Jalan Burangrang. Di sepanjang Jalan Burangrang itu, mau makan apa saja ada. Batagor Riri yang terkenal itu juga ada. Juga martabak San Fransisco (waduh, jauh ya?). Juga kambing bakar Qairo. Bakso Malang bahkan di beberapa tempat. Dan juga...serabi dengan berbagai macam variasi isi dan rasa.

Saya pesan serabi oncom, tentu saja. Bu Ana juga. Supir dan pengasuh anaknya pesan serabi kuah kinca. Untuk minumnya, kami berempat pesan wedang kembang tahu. Bu Ana bilang, minuman itu cocok untuk hawa dingin seperti saat ini. 

Tahukah Anda, apakah minuman kembang tahu itu? Ya, betul. Di Surabaya, dikenal dengan nama tahuwa. Ada juga yang menyebutnya tauwa. Minuman yang terbuat dari puding sari kedelei dengan kuah rasa jahe ini memang sangat cocok untuk mengusir dinginnya udara Bandung malam ini. Begitu disruput, hangatnya yang menyentuh tenggorokan seperti menjalar ke seluruh tubuh.

Bagaimana dengan serabi oncom? Wow, makanan ini tidak kalah ganasnya. Gundukan putih bernoda itu (nodanya dari oncom berbumbu), aromanya sedap sekali. Disajikan dengan sambal botol. Tapi boro-boro menyentuh sambalnya, makan serabinya saja sudah luar biasa pedasnya. Saya dan bu Ana sampai ngoweh-ngoweh kepedasan. Hidung bolong blong dan telinga terasa berasap. Haha, saking pedasnya. 

Malam ini saya semakin menyadari betapa Maha Pemurahnya Allah SWT. Baru sore tadi saya berdoa, semoga bisa menikmati serabi oncom, ternyata malam ini doa saya terkabul. Bahkan tidak hanya dapat serabi oncom, tapi juga wedang kembang tahu.

Semoga Allah SWT juga segera mengembalikan Jakarta dan tempat-tempat lain terbebas dari banjir, meringankan penderitaan para kurban bencana banjir dan letusan gunung Sinabung. Semoga Dia juga membangkitkan kesadaran para pemimpin negeri untuk lebih peka pada penderitaan para kurban bencana dan melakukan tindakan yang nyata dan tidak sekedar formalita. Semoga Dia juga menumbuhkan keinsyafan setiap insan agar lebih menyayangi dan peduli pada bumi, hutan, udara, langit, dan seluruh alam sekitar. Semoga. 

Hotel Horison, Bandung, 21 Januari 2014

Wassalam,
LN

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Surabi Banjur

Hari ini, saya mengawali pagi dengan bangun siang. Pukul 06.05 baru melek. Beginilah kalau lagi tdk ada tanggungan  salat dan masak. Bermalas-malasan.

Saya mengintip keluar dari jendela kamar di lantai lima Hotel Horison tempat saya menginap. Seperti kemarin, Bandung mendung dan basah. Udara dingin di luar menembus sampai di dalam kamar. Semalaman saya matikan AC, tapi selimut tebal tetap saya perlukan untuk menghangatkan tubuh saya. 

Mandi, berdandan, selesai.  Waktunya makan pagi.

Di ruang makan, teman-teman sedang sibuk dengan menu pilihannya masing-masing. Saya duduk semeja dengan bu Ernawulan, dosen PGSD UPI. Wanita cantik yang usianya dua tahun di atas saya itu sudah menyiapkan kursi untuk saya, semeja dengannya, berdua saja. 

Seperti biasa, saya muter-muter sebelum menentukan pilihan. Yang jelas, saya akan memulai dengan buah atau salad, atau kedua-duanya, sebagai appetizer. Ya, buah, yang sebenarnya berkedudukan sebagai dessert dalam menu Indonesia maupun Kontinental itu, selalu saya santap di depan. Fungsinya untuk menyiapkan organ pencernaan, supaya kerjanya dimulai dari yang ringan-ringan dulu, tidak langsung kerja berat. Fungsi yang lain, untuk 'nglambari' perut dengan serat, supaya bisa menyaring penyerapan makanan-makanan yang berlemak. Dan, ini yang terpenting, untuk menkondisikan perut, supaya perut terasa kenyang duluan sebelum mengkonsumsi main course yang penuh dengan kalori itu. Ya, mengelabui perut. Untuk orang-orang seusia saya, mengurangi asupan kalori sangatlah disarankan demi kesehatan dan menjaga tubuh supaya tidak terus melar. 

Salad dan buah sudah saya habiskan. Sepiring penuh. Waktunya berkeliling lagi. Dari satu meja ke meja lain. Roti, bubur ayam, soto Aceh, omelet, sederet menu Kontinental, dan....ini dia. Satu sudut khusus yang isinya menu khas Bandung. Nasi tutug oncom yang warnanya lebih hitam dari yang kemarin, dengan oncom bakarnya yang sebagian lumatannya masih kasar. Ada juga nasi liwet dengan lombok gendut, hm...aromanya membangkitkan selera. Juga aneka gorengan: cireng, tahu gimbal, dan ote-ote (di Bandung disebut bala-bala). Sambal, lalapan tomat dan mentimun.

Untuk memuaskan rasa penasaran saya, saya mengambil semuanya. Sesendok nasi tutug oncom, sesendok nasi liwet, sebutir cireng, sebutir bala-bala, dan sebutir tahu. Benar-benar hanya memuaskan rasa penasaran, karena sebenarnya perut saya sudah terasa penuh. Tapi semua makanan itu saya habiskan juga, sebagai  wujud tanggung jawab..hehe. Dalam acara makan dengan sistem buffet, apa pun makanan yang sudah diambil, etikanya harus dihabiskan. Kalau tidak dihabiskan, ya....kurang etislah. Begitu salah satu pelajaran table manner yang masih saya ingat. 

Masuk ruang kerja. Melanjutkan pekerjaan menyusun petunjuk teknis dan draf permendikbud. Melanjutkan diskusi semalam. Oya, semalam, kami berdebat lama sejak pukul 19.00-an sampai hampir pukul 23.00. Baru tahap brainstorming untuk merumuskan arah petunjuk teknis pemberian insentif bagi guru SM-3T, supaya sinergi antara program P2TK dan program Dikti. Menyangkut tujuan program, sasaran, mekanisme penyaluran insentif, sampai kepada monitoring dan evaluasinya. Juga payung hukum yang diperlukan untuk mengawal program tersebut. 

Diskusi pagi ini berlangsung gayeng. Kami berbagi tugas. Semua dengan kelompoknya masing-masing. Saya sendiri dengan dua orang teman kebagian menyusun draf mekanisme penyaluran isentif.

Waktunya break. Ada banyak kue yang menunggu. Pastry mini, pastel, keripik talas, dan.......surabi banjur. Ya, surabi bulat dengan warna hijaunya yang menarik hati. Dilengkapi dengan saus santan gula merah yang manis. Dibilang serabi banjur karena santannya dituangkan ke atas serabinya. Banjur adalah Bahasa Sunda, artinya tuang.

Saya mengambil sebutir surabi, meletakkannya di piring kecil. Mengambil sesendok kuah coklat susu itu, menuangkannya di atas surabi. Cairan itu membasahi gundukan serabi dan sekitarnya. Cantik. Saya potret dulu sajian menarik itu. Buat dokumentasi pribadi. Siapa tahu suatu saat saya memerlukannya untuk menulis buku serba-serbi serabi. Hehe.

Saya mengambil sendok. Memotong surabi, memasukkannya ke mulut. Menikmati legitnya sebelum mengunyahnya pelan-pelan, sambil menghayati keempukannya. Benar-benar enak. Satu surabi, habis tandas. Cukup. Tidak perlu menambah lagi. Kalau dipaksakan...enaknya hilang sudah. Berganti eneg.

Lho, kok bisa? Ya. Surabi itu terlalu manis untuk saya. Mungkin karena saya tidak terlalu suka makanan yang rasanya manis, ya, mengingat saya sendiri sudah cukup manis, eit...hehe. 

Tapi benar. Surabi banjur tak bisa mengalahnya lezatnya serabi Tuban. Mulai dari tekstur, keempukan, penampilan dan rasanya. Inilah bukti, bahwa preferensi seseorang terhadap pangan itu sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, baik lingkungan keluarga maupun teman sepermainan. Sejak kecil, saya mengenal serabi ya yang seperti serabi Tuban itu. Warna bagian atasnya putih, bagian bawahnya coklat kehitaman, nyempluk-nyempluk, dimakan dengan santan atau kelapa. Rasanya gurih. Karena rasanya yang gurih, ada citarasa gosong yang menambah selera, maka saya bisa menghabiskan dua potong sekali makan, bahkan lebih.

Dibanding dengan serabi Tuban, surabi banjur, serabi Solo, serabi Aceh, serabi Makasar, serabi Jakarta, serabi Amerika, serabi Belanda, serabi Arab, serabi mana pun...., serabi Tuban tak terkalahkan. Tak ada duanya. Suwerrr....hehe.

Ajaib. Setelah beberapa hari berdiskusi tentang oncom dan serabi di milis keluarga Unesa, saling gojlok, saling sindir, penuh canda, saya menemukan dua makanan itu di Bandung. Oncom dalam bentuk nasi tutug oncom dan serabi dalam bentuk surabi banjur. 

Semoga saya juga segera  menemukan serabi oncom. Ya Allah, kabulkanlah doa saya....
Amin Ya Rabbal Alamin.


Hotel Horison, Bandung, 21 Januari 2014

Wassalam,
LN 

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Analysis of Factors Causing Food Insecurity in Probolinggo District

Luthfiyah Nurlaela

Home Economic Department, Engineering Faculty

Surabaya State University

Surabaya, Indonesia

luthfiyahN@yahoo.com

Choirul Anna Nur Afifah

Home Economic Department, Engineering Faculty

Surabaya State University

Surabaya, Indonesia

annardn59@gmail.com

Abstract— This study aimed to identify the potential of local food in the community, food availability and distribution, and family food consumption (levels of energy and protein consumption) in the food insecurity region; and to analyze the causes of food insecurity in the District of Probolinggo. The research is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected using interview, observation, and documentation. Research conducted in Alas Pandan and Bimo villages (subdistrict of Pakuniran) and Jatisari village (subdistrict of Kuripan). The villages have serious condition in food insecurity. The number of respondents is 45 families. The potential local food are rice, corn, cassava, mango, and banana. The staple food availability in family level is good. Access for gaining food mostly by buying. Food distribution in family and community is good, i.e. 62,2%. The levels of energy and protein consumption are still under nutritional adequacy rate. Causes of food insecurity in the district Probolinggo are: a) the low of family food availability on food source of protein, vitamin, and mineral; b) levels of energy and protein consumption of community is under the RDA; c) the low of income; d) the low of education; and e) lack of community access to technology mainly food processing technology.

Keywords- availability; distribution; food consumption; food insecurity

I. INTRODUCTION

the fulfillment of food needs in the context of food security is the pillar for the formation of qualified human resources are needed to improve the nation's competitiveness in the global landscape in Indonesia (Suryana, 2004). To achieve food security required the availability of food in quantity and quality, affordable distributed and safely consumed for every citizen to prop up its activities on a daily basis all the time because the food security system consists of sub-systems, availability, distribution and consumption subsystem (Saliem, et al; 2002).

Increasing population, the narrowness for agriculture and climate change cause of food being one indicator important of welfare a nation. Of food in family containing understanding the food sufficient and available in a number which can meet consumption family. Tercukupinya food needs will not mean if food distribution and consumption food populations still low. Food distribution is not limited in the spreading and fair distribution food sources in several regions, but they have also reaching up on a level family. Food consumption affected by many factors. The rate of consumption [5]; more determined by quality and quantity of food consumed. Food quality reflect the nutrient substance needed by the body, contained in foods the food reflects the amount of any quantity in a nutrient foods. Food consumption less impact on low nutrition status of people at risk the emergence and malnutrition ( malnutrition ). Food vulnerability is the condition of not enough food a society. According to the food and agriculture organization (FAO); and act number 7 1996 about food the front lines can be defined that individuals or household people have no access economy ( revenue inadequate or food prices, unaffordable ) not having access physically to obtain food pretty normal life healthy, and productive good quality and quantity.

Probolinggo is district with wide area 1.696.166,90 ha of his capital kraksaan. There are at least 98 village in sixteen sub-district in thousand probolinggo is categorized front lines. Map food scarcity probolinggo district 2007 issued council food security east java cooperate with university brawijaya calamity find there are two sub-districts being entire villages including front lines. Sub-district it is pakuniran and kuripan. The research activity focused on family in three village with category very prone food, namely village pedestal pandanus and villages bimo (pakuniran subdistrict ) and village jatisari (kuripan subdistrict).

Purpose activity this research are 1) identify potentials local food in society, 2) knowing of food level family in the proneness food, 3) dig information about food distribution in family and community, 4) food consumption aware family (levels of consumption of energy and protein consumption levels), and 5) conducting an analysis of the causes of food insecurity based on data availability, distribution and consumption of food. This research is expected to be a guideline or reference for the basic driving force of development and policy makers in the intervention to the community in the area of food insecurity, source literature for students in community nutrition lecture activities, as well as references for further research or development related to community food security.

II. METHOD

The kind of research is descriptive qualitative, by cross sectional design. Determining the location done in purposif, with consideration the region in category very front lines so elected two villages in sub-district pakuniran, namely Alas Pandan village and Bimo village, and one village in sub-district kuripan, namely jatisari village.

Research subjects is families who have toddlers in the village of Alas Pandan, Bimo and the village of Kuripan Village, each village taken as many as fifteen families so that the number of respondents was 45, elements of the Government that Kecamatan, village of Pakuniran devices and Food Security Agency and Kuripan Regency Probolinggo.

Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. Research instrument used in the form of observation sheet and questionnaire. The Data collected in the form of primary data about the potential for local food, family characteristics, availability (food list or inventory method), distribution and consumption of food (recall 2x24 hours). According to the Department of health RI (1990) level/degree of food consumption is said to be good if & gt; 100 RDA, medium = 80-99, lack of RDA = 70-80 deficit and if RDA & lt; 70 RDA. Secondary Data in the form of a monograph of the village and the result of weighing a toddler from May 2011 until June 2012. The data analysis done on a descriptive qualitative, where data are presented in the form of percentage for exposing and illustrating the observation results obtained.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The General State Of The Region.

The village has an area of Alas Pandan 197.4 Ha. The base area of Pandan are generally in field area 104.7, tegal 48.7 Ha, and estates area 18 Ha. Villagers Alas Pandan totaled 1,886 people or 746 families. The majority of the inhabitants of livelihood as farmers edged 280 people and peasants, 466 people, as a seller, entrepreneur, civil servants, a builder, driver/taxi, and so on. In terms of educational level, there were 838 people did not finish elementary school, 619 people finished primary school, 207 people finished junior high school, 86 people finished senior high school and 118 people College. Principal agricultural community such as rice, cassava, mango, banana, and teak. From these results, the community has been expanding into several industries such as the manufacture of household to make cassava, Tempe and industry furniture also develops in the village though still in small scales and marketing is, but has medapat intensive training from the related institutions ( dept. of industry ).

The village is located on the slopes of Bimo Arjuno and includes mountainous terrain or hills to an agrarian agroekologi. Total area 465,5 Ha Bimo Village fields or moor is the widest part (206 Ha) then a forest of teak 136,8 Ha. The main types of Community agriculture rice, cassava, bananas, teak and mango. A mainstay of the range chicken farming village of Bimo results. Villagers Bimo consists of 625 people men and women, with a total of 534 families as much as 430 families. Percentage inhabitant of largest was adult as many as 759 people (65,71%). Livelihood population main as farmers and farm laborer 375 people (86,81%). Number of resident there are elementary and finished elementary is also high is 108 people (16,05%) and 376 people (55,87%), known only 18 people (2,67%) who until in level university mention the percentage of poor families in village bimo still high (73,5%), this are reflected of condition houses that walled bamboo or wood still dominate, namely as many as 54,9%. Jatisari village is the only village in the Sub-District of Kuripan which includes categories very prone. The village includes a hilly area that is mostly dry land/tegal 737,86 Ha, 483 teak forest and rice field rainwater 4.43 Ha. Village jatisari hamlet, is divided into 65 neighborhood units and 26 neighborhood unit.

The characteristics of the economy of the community at large-eyed livelihood as self-employment (workshop), a builder, pedicabs, farmers, peasants and taxi driver. The Data shows the village of monograph almost 90% of the community includes a poor family. The results of the agricultural community is cassava Besides rice and corn. Forested areas are generally planted with teak trees.

The Potential of Local Food Communities.

Local food community was greatly influenced by the agroecology region. Ecological factors have a very dominant role towards the formation of food consumption patterns [6]. Pakuniran and Kuripan Subdistrict is areas with agricultural region agroecology. Food in the form of rice and tubers, especially yams and cassava, taro dominated the local food community, however rice production has not been able to meet the needs of the whole population so that the availability of rice as a staple food still must be met from other regions. Some regions, especially the village of Bimo also planting corn as a result of his farm. This data in accordance with Arsiniawati [3] which states that all districts/cities in East Java, put rice as the staple food maize, although in the form of rice, maize (a mixture of rice and maize) as well as ampok or aron (corn) are still commonly found in Probolinggo District among others.

Animal food sources that are generated in the form of a lot of chicken, beef and goat the next. Animal food in the form of a chicken or the egg that is consumed is the result of society's own livestock, while cows are more used to help cultivate their farmland.None of the results generated by the fisheries community land and the sea. Most of community more consume fish be processed salted fish). Type of vegetable that is often found in water convolvulus, cassava leaves, mustard greens, spinach, and so on. In Pakuniran Subdistrict, mango and banana into a fairly promising local commodities. Some mango plantations are found, but still limited consumed/sold the community in the form of fresh, they haven't been able to develop it into a product that is worth the economic high. Unlike the case with banana, Pakuniran subdistrict community has been able to develop the entrepreneurial banana (banana to make) that can sustain their household economy.

The Availability of Food Family.

The availability of food family is considered the family of the ability to fulfill the needs of a group of cereal grains, pangannya the tubers, panga animal, oils and fats, fruit /seeds fatty, nuts, sugar, and fruits and vegetables. The availability of food family be judged from availability of foodstuffs in the period one week. Such as rice grains become main society, staple food partly (about 46.6%) the family also provides of corn for processed into nasi corn as an alternative to substitute rice. Cassava is sort of the most numerous consumed, but more often used as food an interlude and entrepreneurial (cassava chip).

A kind of food animal that is widely available is a chicken and eggs, next fish. The availability of fish in the family rarely in form of fresh fish but preserved, in the form as of salted fish. Some fresh fish that is often found here was a fish fresh-water or river, which is a lele or mujair fish. Food products other animal is milk, who is also available but limited only on 17,7 % of the family.

TABLE 1. Food availability in family per week

Kind of Food	(%) Food Availability per week
	<3 days	3-5 days	>5 days
Paddy/rice	0	0	100
Corn	53,3	2,2	44,4
Cassava	73,3	17,8	8,9
Noodle	97,8	2,2	0
Chicken	77,8	15,6	6,7
Beef	100	0	0
Fish	40,0	11,1	48,9
Egg	42,2	26,7	31,1
Vegetable oil	6,7	2,2	91,1
Coconut/coconut milk	91,1	4,4	4,4
Peanut	91,1	2,2	6,7
Soybean curd	17,8	8,9	73,3
Tempe	40,0	8,9	51,1
Sugar	6,7	4,4	88,9
Watercress	77,8	13,3	8,9
Cassava leaf	66,7	15,6	17,8
Lettuce	97,8	0	2,2
Spinach	84,4	6,7	8,9
Banana	100	0	0
Papaya	100	0	0

Data shows that the whole family having good availability of rice, soybean curd, sugar and oil for frying. While little food available in family is beef, chicken, noodles, coconut/coconut milk, soybean curd, lettuce, spinach, bananas and papayas. And virtually food source of protein (either animal or vegetable) and food source of vitamins and minerals (vegetable and fruit) is food group should be increased its availability.

Food distribution family.

Food distribution family one of them is determined from access family obtain food. Family access to food in sub-district pakuniran kuripan and carried out largely by purchasing family so that ability to obtain food closely related to purchasing power or family income so family with high income be easy obtain food compared with the family lower-income.

The ability of the family to provide for and obtain food won ' t be effective if not supported by the distribution of good food to all family members. The distribution of good does not mean the food must be consumed in equal amounts to all the family but food to be distributed properly in every time (as breakfast, lunch and dinner), a kind of food divided evenly to all the family members as well as a quantity of food consumed adjust by nutrition needs family members. Based on the answers given the family about food distribution, then known there are 62,2% family having good food distribution; 31,1% having fair food distribution and 6.7% family with food distribution less well.

Food consumption.

Major indicators from family food consumption seen from energy consumption level and protein consumption level. Composition and kosumsi food someone influenced knowledge nutritional and health  [6]. The results of a survey conducted by the food consumption of Probolinggo district at 2010 known that the energy consumption population with an agricultural region is 1944,8 cal/capita/day while data recall the overall population of energy consumption in Pakuniran and Kuripan sub-district is 1979,17 cal/capita/day. Although this figure look higher than energy consumption inhabitant of Probolinggo district but compared Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) 2005 that energy consumption level inhabitant of Indonesia actually 2150 cal/capita/day, so the rate is still low.

Consumption protein population known 53,82 grams /capita/day. While the survey food consumption in Probolinggo  district 2010 with agricultural region is 56.3 grams /capita/day and RDA protein consumption according to 2005 55 grams/capita/day. It is describe in general protein consumption population in pakuniran and kuripan sub-district should participate for lack of consumption protein in long time caused a lot of nutrition problems mainly in infants and toddlers.

Majority of respondents having medium level of protein consumption (37.8%). If connected with the availability of food family especially on source of protein in general only available less than three days in a week so that data describes food source of protein availability having a significant relation between the level of protein consumption society.

The Cause of  Food Insecurity in Probolinggo District.

Realization of food security produced some element the subsystem interact: food availability, food distribution  and food consumption [1]. The approach taken to build third subsystems was coordination and community empowerment in participatory. The identification challenged the cause of insecurity in pakuniran and kuripan sub-district, Probolinggo based on the data has been obtained is:

1) a lack of food availability as a source of protein ( beef, chicken, fish and tempe ) as well as a source of vitamins and minerals (coconut/coconut milk, watercress, lettuce, spinach, bananas and papayas ).

2) the level of energy consumption and protein majority people are still under the criteria adequate nutrition.

3) the low income people and it difficult to fulfill their food nutrition for family

4) low education society so that knowledge and awareness about the importance of food or nutritive also less, and the difficulty they get jobs adopted.

5) lack of public access for technology especially the processing producing stuff.

Identification by way of referring to the problem effort or an alternative solution that can be done is an educational program nutritional and health care for the community. A form of activity can include counseling, training and the development of a device formal education that integrated in school curriculum. The program not only aim is to raise public awareness about food and nourishment so that implicates to improve the quality of food consumption, but also a manner to eliminate the problem of malnutrition in toddlers and poor preventive measures the onset of food scarcity and give the impact of food sustainability.

  

CONCLUTIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS

Conclutions. 1) Potential local food is rice, corn, cassava as staple food, banana and mango for fruit and chicken and eggs on animal food, 2) the availability of food at the level of the family including good is rice, oil, soybean curd and sugar. While the food is sold as cow, a little available chicken, noodles, coconut/coconut milk, watercress, sawi, spinach, bananas and papayas, 3) access get food carried by buying and food distribution, including good family and community 4) Energy consumption level the overall population is 1979,17 cal /capita/day and rate of consumption protein average 53,82 grams/capita/day or still below the adequate nutrition, and 5) the cause of food insecurity in probolinggo district are lack of  food availability families at source of protein vitamins and minerals, the level of energy consumption and protein people who are below criteria, the low income and community education, and lack of public access for technology

Recommendation.1) The need for coordinated with education dept. district probolinggo and social institutions related to increase knowledge society on nutrition and socialization through different lines health and education. 2) Designing and devices promotion and education on food security through various education.

References

[1]   Anonimous, 2001. Rencana Strategis dan Program Kerja Pemantapan Ketahanan Panga Tahun 2001-2004. Badan Bimas Ketahanan Pangan. Departemen Pertanian.

[2]  Anonimous, 2010. Analisis Pola Konsumsi Pangan Wilayah Berbasis Pola Pangan Harapan (PPH) 2010 Kabupaten Probolinggo. Badan Ketahanan Pangan dan Penyuluh Pertanian Kabupaten Probolinggo.

[3]  Arsiniawati M. Brata-Arbai, dkk. 2001. Kajian Mutu dan Gizi sera Khasiat Makanan Tradisional Jawa Timur. Laporan Penelitian kerjasama antara Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya Malang dan Badan Ketahanan Pangan Jawa Timur. Tidak diterbitkan.

[4]  Nindyowati, E. 2001. Kebijakan dan Program Pembangunan dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan. Makalah yang disampaikan dalam Seminar Nasional Makanan Tradisional, di NICE Center Graha Pena Building Surabaya, 27 Oktober 2001.

[5]   Soediaoetama, A Djaeni. 1996. Ilmu Gizi II. Jakarta: PT. Dian Rakyat

[6]  Suhardjo, 1989. Sosio Budaya Gizi. Departemen aaapendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 

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